What ecological interaction involves both species benefiting from their relationship?

• A. Commensalism
• B. Parasitism
• C. Mutualism
• D. Competition

Answer: (C)

Mutualism is the ecological interaction where both species involved benefit from their relationship. This symbiotic connection can enhance the survival, reproduction, or overall fitness of both organisms. An example of mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowering plants; bees pollinate the flowers while obtaining nectar for food. Both species gain from this interaction: the plants are able to reproduce through pollination, while the bees receive food.

In contrast, in commensalism, one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed, and in parasitism, one species benefits at the expense of the other, causing harm. Competition involves two species vying for the same resources, which can be detrimental to one or both parties. Thus, mutualism stands out as the only interaction where both organisms benefit directly from their relationship.